Second-harmonic generation technique for in situ study of passive film formation on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous solutions

We studied in situ the passive film formation on carbon steel under electrochemical polarization conditions using on the one hand second-harmonic generation (SHG) and on the other active reflectance spectroscopy (ARS).

We observed formation of an oxide film composed mainly of Fe3O4 and with a thickness up to 0.7 nm.

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